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Mental retardation is characterized both by a significantly below-average score on a test of mental ability or intelligence and by limitations in the ability to function
in areas of daily life, such as communication, self-care, and getting along in social situations and school activities. Mental retardation is sometimes referred to as a cognitive or intellectual disability.
- limitations in present functioning must be evaluated within the context of the individual's age peers and culture,
- the individual's cultural and linguistic differences as well as communication, sensory, motor, and behavioral factors must be considered,
- limitations must be described, so that an individualized plan of needed supports can be developed,
- appropriate personalized supports must be provided to improve the functioning of a person with mental retardation.
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